Understanding the Cannabis Life Cycle: From Seed to Sale

Cannabis cultivation is a carefully controlled process that involves multiple stages of growth, harvesting, processing, and distribution before the final product reaches consumers. Whether for medical or recreational use, understanding the cannabis life cycle helps growers optimize yields and ensures quality for end users. Let’s explore the journey of cannabis from seed to sale.

1. Germination (0–10 Days)

The life cycle begins when a cannabis seed is planted. During germination, the seed absorbs water, activates enzymes, and sprouts a small root.

✔ Ideal Conditions: Moist environment, temperature around 20–25°C (68–77°F).✔ Key Development: The first set of leaves (cotyledons) emerge, signalling the beginning of growth.✔ Timeframe: 3–10 days depending on strain and conditions.

2. Seedling Stage (2–3 Weeks)

Once the first true leaves appear, the plant enters the seedling phase, focusing on root and foliage development.

✔ Light Requirements: 18–24 hours of light daily for strong early growth.✔ Nutrients: Rich in nitrogen (N) to promote leafy development.✔ Vulnerabilities: Prone to overwatering, mold, and nutrient deficiencies.

3. Vegetative Growth (3–8 Weeks)

The cannabis plant rapidly grows in size during the vegetative stage, developing sturdy branches and lush foliage.

✔ Light Cycle: 18 hours light / 6 hours dark (indoors) or natural summer light (outdoors).✔ Nutrient Focus: High nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) for robust growth.✔ Key Milestones: Strong root expansion, thick stems, and the formation of fan leaves.✔ Training Methods: Techniques like topping, low-stress training (LST), and pruning help shape plant structure.

4. Flowering Stage (6–12 Weeks)

The flowering stage begins when the light cycle shifts to 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness (indoors) or as days shorten outdoors. This phase focuses on bud production.

✔ Early Flowering: First signs of buds appear within 1–3 weeks.✔ Mid-Flowering: Trichome production increases, and buds swell.✔ Late Flowering: Cannabinoid content (THC/CBD) reaches peak levels, and the plant is almost ready for harvest.✔ Nutrient Shift: Higher phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) support flower development, while nitrogen is reduced.

5. Harvesting & Drying (1–2 Weeks)

Timing is crucial when harvesting cannabis. Growers look for amber-coloured trichomes as a signal that the plant is at peak potency.

✔ Harvest Indicators: Sticky resin, pungent aroma, and 70–80% pistils turning orange or brown.✔ Drying Process: Temperature around 18–22°C (65–72°F) with 50% humidity to preserve terpenes and prevent mold.✔ Curing: Dried buds are placed in airtight jars and stored in a cool, dark place for 2–4 weeks to enhance flavour and potency.

6. Processing & Packaging

After curing, cannabis undergoes further refinement before reaching consumers.

✔ Trimming: Removing excess leaves to improve bud appearance and smokability.✔ Testing & Compliance: Lab testing ensures potency, cannabinoid levels, and the absence of contaminants like pesticides or mold.✔ Packaging: Child-resistant, tamper-evident containers with THC/CBD labelling and regulatory warnings.

7. Distribution & Retail (Final Stage)

Once packaged, cannabis is distributed to dispensaries, online retailers, or medical providers.

✔ Legal Requirements: Licensed producers must follow federal and provincial laws for sales and transportation.✔ Retail Experience: Dispensaries provide education, guidance, and strain recommendations based on consumer needs.✔ Consumer Access: Customers can purchase cannabis from government-regulated stores, private dispensaries, or online portals.

Conclusion

The cannabis seed-to-sale process is a highly regulated, science-driven industry that requires expert cultivation, processing, and distribution. Whether you're a grower, retailer, or consumer, understanding these stages helps ensure quality and compliance in every step of the cannabis journey.

Want to learn more about cannabis cultivation and industry regulations? SEED Initiative provides expert education and resources to help you navigate the cannabis sector. Stay informed with us!